Alexander the Great's conquest in 330 BCE marked the end of the Persian Empire, and the territory fell under the rule of the Ptolemaic Kingdom and the Seleucid Empire after Alexander's death. However, power struggles and external threats, notably the Greco-Persian wars, gradually eroded its stability. Under Darius the Great, the empire codified laws and introduced standardized weights and measures. Infrastructural achievements like the 1,553-mile Royal Road facilitated trade and military movements.ĭespite its military strength, the Persian Empire demonstrated a policy of tolerance towards conquered people, respecting their customs and religions (one popular example is the restoration of the temporarily-exiled Jewish people). The empire had an efficient bureaucracy, run by satraps or provincial governors, and a postal system fostering communication across vast territories. Its peak covered three continents: Asia, Africa, and Europe, including modern-day Iran, Egypt, Turkey, and parts of India and Greece. The Persian Empire, spanning 550 to 330 BCE, was one of history's most powerful and expansive empires, established by Cyrus the Great.
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